Is Turkey Considered Small Game? An In-Depth Look at Game Classifications

For hunters understanding whether a particular animal is classified as small game or big game is very important. Not only does it determine what hunting regulations and seasons apply but it also guides decision making around techniques, equipment, and preparation. So when it comes to the iconic American turkey, many hunters find themselves asking is turkey considered small game or big game?

The answer it turns out depends on where you are hunting. While wildlife classifications can vary by state, turkeys are generally put in the small game category – though there are some exceptions. Let’s take a closer look at how turkeys are classified across the country.

What is Considered Small Game?

In most states, small game refers to animal species that are hunted primarily for sport or food, are not classified as big game (deer, elk, etc.), and meet a maximum weight threshold. This weight limit is commonly defined as under 25 pounds, but can range higher in some areas.

Small game species typically include

• Upland game birds: pheasants, quail, grouse, turkeys
• Waterfowl: ducks, geese
• Other birds: doves, woodcock
• Small mammals: rabbits, squirrels, raccoons, opossums
• Reptiles: rattlesnakes, lizards

Some states also place furbearers like foxes and coyotes in the small game category. The unifying quality is that small game animals are relatively small in size compared to big game.

Where Does Turkey Fit In?

Wild turkeys are a large ground-dwelling bird, with adult males (toms) weighing 16-24 pounds on average, and females (hens) weighing 8-10 pounds. This puts them above the weight limits that define small game in most areas.

However, turkeys are still categorized as small game birds by the majority of state wildlife agencies today. There are a few explanations for this:

• Tradition – Historically, turkeys have been hunted as small game across North America. Their classification is rooted in tradition more than size.

• Seasons and regulations – Hunting seasons, bag limits, and other rules for turkeys align more closely with small game like pheasants and grouse.

• Hunting style – The tactics and equipment used for turkey hunting resemble those for other upland birds (decoys, calls, shotguns, camo, etc.).

So in essence, turkeys are grouped with small game because that’s how hunters pursue them. Their size alone doesn’t warrant big game status.

When is Turkey Considered Big Game?

There are a handful of states that take a different stance by classifying wild turkeys as big game rather than small game. These include Alaska, Hawaii, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington state.

In these areas, the legal difference means:

• Turkey hunting is regulated under big game seasons and tag programs.

• Specific permits are required to hunt turkeys.

• Different safety rules and equipment restrictions apply.

• Penalties for turkey poaching align with those for big game animals.

• Revenue from turkey tags/permits helps fund management of larger wildlife.

So while less common, it’s important to know that turkey may fall under big game regulations depending on your specific state.

Turkey Hunting License Requirements

Whether turkey is small game or big game, hunters must obtain the proper licenses and stamps to pursue it legally. In nearly all states, an upland game bird license or small game hunting license covers turkey hunting. But there are some variations:

• A separate turkey tag or permit may be required even with a small game license.

• In big game turkey states, hunters need a turkey tag or permit plus a big game license.

• A state duck stamp may be required with any turkey hunting license.

• Special “turkey only” licenses exist in some states.

Check regulations to understand exactly which licenses your state requires. The right permits must be secured before heading out to hunt turkeys.

Key Points About Turkey Classification

To summarize turkey’s standing among game species:

• The majority of states categorize turkey as small game.

• A handful of states classify it as big game based on the size and management strategy.

• Seasons, permits, and hunting rules for turkey mostly align with small game.

• Special turkey hunting licenses or permits are needed alongside general hunting licenses.

• Knowing your state’s specific turkey classification is essential for following regulations.

While there are some variations across North America, the wild turkey is treated as small game bird in most places. But as we’ve seen, hunters should never assume the classification and requirements – always check your state’s current hunting laws first. Being informed ensures you hunt turkeys legally and ethically.

Turkey Hunting as a Cherished Pastime

Whether considered small game or big game, wild turkeys hold a special place in North American hunting tradition. Their wily nature provides a worthy match for hunters’ skills. And as any successful turkey hunter knows, nothing beats the thrill of calling in and outsmarting a gobbler on its own ground.

Spring turkey hunting seasons are highly anticipated rites of passage. The opportunity to outwit these cunning birds on their breeding grounds each year is something hunters eagerly await. And respect for the turkey is a value passed down through generations of sportsmen and women.

So while classifications may vary by state, one thing remains constant – the wild turkey is a game bird that commands immense appreciation among hunters for its beauty, intelligence, and American heritage. Its pursuit is a craft to be shared and enjoyed.