How Long Does It Take to Defrost an Entire Turkey?

Defrosting a whole turkey can take some time, but planning ahead ensures the bird thaws properly and safely With the right technique and timeline, you can defrost a frozen turkey just in time for roasting on Thanksgiving or any festive occasion.

Overview of Turkey Defrosting Methods

There are three main ways to safely thaw a frozen turkey

• In the refrigerator (recommended method)
• In cold water
• In the microwave (for small turkeys only)

Never thaw turkey at room temperature or in hot water, as this puts the bird in the danger zone (40°F to 140°F) too long, risking bacterial growth.

The timeline depends on the turkey’s weight and the defrosting method. As a general rule:

• Refrigerator: Allow 24 hours per 4-5 pounds
• Cold water: 30 minutes per pound, changing water every 30 minutes
• Microwave: Follow manufacturer’s instructions

So for a 16-pound turkey to thaw in the fridge, it will take about 4 days. To thaw in cold water, allow 8 hours and change water every half hour.

Step-by-Step Guide to Thawing a Turkey

Follow these steps for safe turkey defrosting using each method:

Refrigerator Thawing

This passive approach gives you flexibility if you remember to plan 3-6 days ahead.

• Keep turkey in original wrap
• Place on tray to catch drips
• Allow 24 hours per 4-5 pounds of turkey
• Cook within 1-2 days after thawing

A 20-pound turkey will need about 5 days in a 40°F refrigerator.

Cold Water Thawing

This faster method works if you’re short on time. Monitor it closely.

• Keep turkey sealed in original wrap
• Submerge in cold water, changing water every 30 minutes
• Allow 30 minutes per pound
• Cook immediately after thawing

A 15-pound turkey will thaw after 7-8 hours in cold water.

Microwave Thawing

Only for small turkeys, and requires constant monitoring.

• Remove wrapping
• Follow appliance instructions
• Cook immediately after thawing

A 12-pound turkey may work, depending on microwave size.

Turkey Defrost Time Chart

This turkey thawing time chart provides estimates based on USDA guidelines:

Turkey Weight	Refrigerator Time	Cold Water Time
8 – 12 pounds	1 – 3 days	2 – 6 hours
12 – 16 pounds	3 – 4 days	6 – 8 hours
16 – 20 pounds	4 – 5 days	8 – 10 hours
20 – 24 pounds	5 – 6 days	10 – 12 hours
24 – 28 pounds	6 – 7 days	12 – 14 hours

As an example, a 20-pound turkey will take about 5 days to thaw in the refrigerator or 10 hours in cold water.

Finishing a Partial Thaw

If your turkey is not fully thawed by Thanksgiving morning, you can finish the process in cold water in as little as 30 minutes. A partially frozen 20-pound turkey may need just 2-3 hours on Turkey Day morning to complete thawing.

Monitor it closely and cook immediately. Don’t let it sit out too long before cooking.

Storing Thawed Turkey

A thawed turkey can safely be stored in the fridge for 1-2 days before roasting. Be sure to cook within this window.

You can also re-freeze a thawed turkey if it was properly defrosted in the fridge and the wrapping is intact. This gives you options if plans change.

Key Tips for Turkey Defrosting

Follow these best practices when thawing turkey:

• Never thaw at room temperature or in hot water
• Cook thawed turkey within 1-2 days
• Check a meat thermometer before eating, not just timer
• Wash surfaces and hands after contact with raw turkey
• Refrigerate all leftovers within 2 hours

Taking the right precautions during the thawing process reduces the risk of foodborne illness.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are answers to some common questions about defrosting turkey:

How long does it take to thaw a 12-pound turkey?

In the refrigerator, allow 3 days for a 12-pound turkey. In cold water, plan on 6 hours and change water every 30 minutes.

What is the fastest way to thaw turkey?

The fastest method is cold water thawing. Allow about 30 minutes per pound and keep the water cold. The microwave can work for small turkeys.

Can you thaw a turkey at room temperature?

No, room temperature thawing is unsafe as it puts the turkey in the danger zone for bacteria growth for too long. Only use the refrigerator, cold water, or microwave.

Should you cook a turkey straight from frozen?

Yes, you can cook a frozen turkey, but it will take at least 50% longer. Use a meat thermometer, as the package time is for thawed birds.

How do you know when a turkey is thawed?

Check that the cavity and neck areas are soft and pliable when pressed. If still stiff and icy, continue thawing until fully softened.

The Takeaway

Thawing a frozen turkey safely simply requires allowing enough time for the size of the bird and following recommended techniques. Refrigerator thawing is ideal when you plan ahead. For a last-minute turkey, cold water thawing gets the job done. Then roast your bird soon after thawing and use a food thermometer to verify doneness.