People all over the United States love General Tso’s chicken, a Chinese-American dish that is sweet, spicy, and crunchy. Deep-fried chicken is tossed in a sticky, tasty sauce in this dish. There are different stories about where General Tso’s chicken came from, but most food historians agree that Chinese immigrants in the 1970s came up with the dish.
The spicy chili pepper in the sauce is one of the things that makes General Tso’s chicken taste unique. What kind of chili pepper gives this famous dish its spicy kick?
The Main Pepper: Dried Chili Peppers
The primary chili pepper used in General Tso’s chicken is dried red chili peppers These are whole dried chilis that are rehydrated and then cooked into the sauce The most common varieties used are
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That’s what Sichuan chili, which is also called facing heaven pepper, tastes like. It’s strong and spicy, with a hint of heat. They are a key ingredient in Sichuan cuisine.
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Tien Tsin Chili Also called Tianjin chili, these have a similar flavor profile to Sichuan chilis but are a bit smaller They provide a sharp, pungent heat
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Korean Chili: These provide vibrant red color and have a fast, intense heat. Their thin skins make them easy to grind into flakes or powder.
When you use whole dried chilies, the sauce gets a deep, complex chili flavor. When the peppers are ground or chopped to add heat, the seeds and membranes are added too. To make the classic General Tso’s sauce, dried chilies are usually mixed with garlic, ginger, and sugar.
Other Peppers Sometimes Added
In addition to dried red chilis, some General Tso’s chicken recipes call for other fresh chili peppers to enhance the spice level:
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Jalapeno: The most commonly used fresh chili pepper. Jalapenos have a fresh green flavor and moderately hot heat. They are easy to find.
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Serrano: These provide more intense heat than jalapenos. Their herbal, citrusy flavor adds complexity.
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Thai Chili: Also known as bird’s eye chili, these small peppers pack a mighty punch. Just one or two amplifies the spice dramatically.
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Fresno Chili: Similar to jalapenos but typically hotter, these have a sharp bite and vivid red color.
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Sichuan Peppercorn: Technically not a chili pepper but the peppercorn-like berry of the prickly ash tree. It creates a numbing, tingly sensation in the mouth.
The fresh chilis are usually sliced into rings or small pieces and added either to the sauce or as a garnish on top of the finished dish. They allow the spiciness to be customized based on individual preferences.
Bell Peppers Sometimes Included
In addition to chili peppers, some General Tso’s chicken recipes also include red, yellow or orange bell peppers. Bell peppers have a very mild, sweet flavor with no heat. They provide a nice crunchy texture and pop of color contrast. The bell peppers are typically stir-fried along with the chicken.
Pepper Flakes as a Substitute
While whole dried red chilis are ideal for developing the most authentic flavor, many home cooks substitute pre-ground dried chili flakes out of convenience. Common substitutions include:
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Crushed Red Pepper Flakes: These are made from coarsely ground dried red chili peppers. The heat level can vary significantly by brand.
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Korean Red Pepper Flakes (Gochugaru): Finely ground flakes with vibrant red color and moderately hot spice.
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Aleppo Pepper: A Turkish chile with mild, fruity flavor and moderate heat. The flakes have a coarser, chunkier texture.
If using crushed red pepper or other pure chili flakes, start with a small amount and adjust to taste. They tend to be quite hot compared to whole chilis. Gochugaru or Aleppo pepper are better substitutes for achieving a similar spicy balance.
Tips for Pulling It All Together
Start by making a marinade for the chicken by mixing an egg white with a few tablespoons of dark soy sauce, Shaoxing wine, and vodka. This will make the chicken succulent and crispy. Set aside half of this mixture to moisten up my dry coating later on, then finish the coating with cornstarch, baking soda, and the chicken.
You can put the chicken in the fridge for up to a few hours at this point, or you can skip this step and go straight to the rest of the recipe. It makes very little difference.
Add that reserved marinade to the dry mix of flour, cornstarch, baking powder, and salt. The mixture should look coarse and crumbly, with a few big nuggets of the flour-marinade mixture.
You can just dump all the chicken in and then work on carefully separating and coating each piece in the mixture, pressing firmly so that it adheres (you will get messy hands using this method), or you can use my preferred method, which takes a bit more practice: Holding the dry mix in one hand and tossing constantly, drop individual pieces of chicken in one by one with your other hand. As you toss, the chicken pieces should all get individually coated.
You may have heard me say this before, and I will keep saying it until proof otherwise: if you don’t have a deep fryer, a wok is the best pot for deep frying. Its wide shape makes it easy to move food around and collects spills, so your counter stays clean while you cook.
All of the normal caveats about deep frying hold true here: use a thermometer to regulate temperature (350°F (177°C) in this case), add pieces one at a time and gently lower them into the hot oil (dont drop them!), and keep things moving so that they fry rapidly and evenly, which in turn will help them get crisper faster.
Once the chicken is fried and drained, its just a matter of tossing it with the sauce, which can be made in the same wok immediately after frying or in advance (see note section and make-ahead instructions below). (I like to add a few 1-inch pieces of scallions to the mix, but thats totally optional.) A rubber spatula does the trick. It takes a bit of work to get the sauce to coat every surface, but you will be rewarded when alls said and done.
It was a long, twisted road to get here, but with a mix of chicken-frying techniques and a sauce that balances its sweetness with just the right amount of acidity, I believe I finally have a version of this most American of Chinese dishes that even the Generals family would approve of.
Coating the Chicken
To start my chicken testing, I scanned through various books and online resources, pulling out recipes that claimed to solve some of the problems I was looking at—namely, a crazy crunchy fried coating that doesnt soften up when the chicken gets tossed with sauce. Though similar, there were variations across the board in terms of how thick the marinade should be (some contained only soy sauce and wine, others contained eggs, and still others were a thick batter), whether or not to toss with dry starch or flour after marinating, and whether to use light or dark meat chicken.
I put together a few working recipes that seemed to run the gamut of whats out there to test, including:
- A thin mixture of soy sauce and wine that is mixed with cornstarch before it is fried.
- Egg white-based marinade, tossed in cornstarch before frying.
- Whole egg-based marinade, tossed in cornstarch before frying.
- Egg-based batter made with cornstarch, no dry coating before frying.
- A batter made of eggs and cornstarch, with a dry top before it’s fried.
- a batter made of eggs, flour, and cornstarch; there is no dry coating before it is fried.
- A batter made of eggs, flour, and cornstarch, with a dry top before it’s fried.
Here are a few of the results:
They all look alright, but none of them stayed crisp for long, even before they were added to the sauce. From testing, one thing was certain: a thicker, egg-based marinade is superior to a thin marinade, which produced chicken that was powdery and a crust that turned soft within seconds of coming out of the fryer.
Adding a bit of starch to the marinade before tossing it in a dry coat was even better. Better, but not perfect. The General may have won this battle, but he will lose the war, I swear it.
The other takeaway? Dark meat is the way to go. Breast meat comes out dry and chalky, a problem that can be mitigated with some extended marinating (the soy sauce in the marinade acts as a brine, helping it to retain moisture), but the process adds time to an already lengthy recipe, and even brined white meat is nowhere near as juicy as dark meat.
And who are we kidding? General Tsos is never going to be health food. Break out the thighs for this one (and check out our guide to deboning em).
Recipe’s General’s Chicken Recipe: How to Make Crispy Hoisin Fried Chicken | Food Hacks • Pepper.ph
FAQ
What kind of pepper is used in General Tso’s chicken?
General Tso’s chicken typically features dried red chili peppers in the sauce or stir-fry. Most of the time, these peppers are left whole in the dish to add heat and flavor. However, chili flakes or chili-garlic sauce may be used instead in some recipes.
Is General Chang the same as General Tso?
No, General Chang’s chicken and General Tso’s chicken are not the same dish, though they are often confused.
What are the ingredients in General Tso’s sauce?
General Tso’s sauce typically includes a combination of soy sauce, rice vinegar, hoisin sauce, sesame oil, sugar, ginger, garlic, and chili sauce or red pepper flakes for a touch of heat. Cornstarch is also used to thicken the sauce.
What is sichuan pepper chicken?
… zio1 goi1), also known as chin jiew chicken, is a deep-fried chicken dish in Teochew cuisine, typically cooked with leafy green called pearl vegetable ….