How Many Shrimp Can You Raise in a 10,000 Litre Biofloc Tank?

Biofloc systems are gaining popularity for raising sustainable and high-density shrimp aquaculture. But how many shrimp can realistically be produced in a 10,000 litre biofloc tank? In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover the biofloc method and calculations for optimal shrimp stocking based on key factors like tank size, water quality, species, aeration and more.

Biofloc tank systems work by promoting beneficial bacteria that assimilate toxic ammonia and convert it into microbial protein. This nutritious “biofloc” in the water can be consumed by shrimp as a food source, reducing feed costs. The biofloc also improves water quality by balancing nutrients and minerals.

Some major advantages of biofloc technology include

• Recycling and minimal water exchange needed
• Reducing expenses on commercial feed
• Faster growth rates and better FCR
• High stocking densities possible
• Improving shrimp health and survival

Calculating Potential Shrimp Density

The stocking density is measured by the number of shrimp per square meter of surface area. This accounts for both total tank volume and surface area available for oxygen exchange.

For a 10,000 litre circular tank with a 5 meter diameter, the surface area would be around 19.6 square meters.

Based on research trials and successful biofloc shrimp farms, the optimal stocking density ranges from 300-500 shrimp per square meter.

So in theory, the 10,000 litre tank could accommodate:

• 5,900 shrimp at 300/m2
• 9,800 shrimp at 500/m2

However, these maximum densities assume ideal conditions are maintained. Realistically, it’s best to begin conservative and increase gradually.

Factors Impacting Optimal Stocking Density

While the surface area provides a useful starting point, there are other factors that influence how densely you can stock shrimp in a biofloc system:

1. Oxygenation & Aeration

Maintaining sufficient dissolved oxygen is critical, especially at high densities. 24/7 aeration with air pumps, blowers and paddwheel systems is recommended to keep oxygen levels above 5 ppm.

2. Shrimp Species

Some species tolerate crowding and water quality fluctuations better. Pacific whiteleg and Indian white shrimp are good biofloc options. Larger shrimp species may need lower densities.

3. Water Exchange Rate

Ideally, biofloc systems require minimal or no water changes. However, small periodic exchanges may help stabilize water quality at maximum densities. This depends on overall biofloc balance.

4. Tank Design & Circulation

Rectangular tanks allow better water circulation and solids removal vs circular designs. Tank shape impacts how evenly bioflocs are distributed.

5. Climate Conditions

In tropical climates, higher densities are possible. In cooler regions, reduce density to account for lower shrimp metabolism and feeding rates.

6. Supplemental Feeding

Quality feeds are still essential for balanced nutrition. Feed smaller amounts frequently throughout the day to maintain water quality.

Recommendations for High Density Biofloc Shrimp Farming

Here are some tips to successfully manage high density biofloc shrimp production:

• Begin with conservative stocking density of 300-350/m2
• Gradually increase density over 2-4 months as system stabilizes
• Provide constant aeration – change out tank water volume 10-20 times per hour
• Use high protein feeds with 35-40% protein
• Test and maintain optimal ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH and alkalinity daily
• Monitor settleable solids; harvest excess biofloc above 400-500 ml/L
• Watch closely for signs of shrimp stress like low DO or crowding
• Be prepared to reduce feeding rates and densities if needed
• Introduce feeds gradually to avoid water quality shifts
• Use probiotics and supplements to enhance biofloc growth
• Ensure tanks are thoroughly cleaned between cycles

Based on typical biofloc shrimp farming practices, a 10,000 litre tank could potentially accommodate 5,900-9,800 shrimp at densities of 300-500/m2. However, starting conservative and increasing gradually is recommended. With close monitoring and management of oxygenation, biofloc levels, water quality and shrimp health, high density biofloc systems can produce excellent shrimp yields. But density should never compromise the growth, survival and wellbeing of the cultured shrimp.